Result: Outputting a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) on More Than One Pin of the AVR Microcontroller and Multiple Ports

Advance Your Skills Professionally! Advance Your Skills Professionally! 'ARM Microcontrollers: Programming and Circuit Building Volume 1', accompanied by a beginner-friendly advanced kit, is the ideal starting point for aspiring professionals. Esteemed in universities and high schools, this guide bypasses the complexities of Arduino, offering a more fundamental, bare-metal approach to learning. It not only simplifies the process but also sets you on a path to a more professional level in microcontroller programming. Perfect for students and hobbyists, this book is your gateway to efficiently prototyping and transitioning projects into production. Start with the fundamentals and quickly move to creating professional-level applications!

Atmega324P

$8.50

Qty:

USB AVR Programmer

$9.95

Qty:

Breadboard adapter for the USBasp AVR Programmer

USBasp Breadboard Breakout Adapter

$4.90

Qty:

Serial to USB converter with Micro USB cable

USB to Serial Converter

$10.95

Qty:

Thumbnail: Crystal Oscillator 18.432 MHz for UART

18.432 MHz Crystal Oscillator 18pf 30ppm

$0.94

Qty:

22 pF Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor

$0.43

Qty:

Thumbnail: Quartz crystal oscillator - 16 MHz

16 MHz Crystal Oscillator 20 pF Through Hole

$0.75

Qty:

4x4 Keypad with Adhesive Backing

$3.80

Qty:

Thumbnail: quad buffer line driver 74HC126E

Quad Buffer Line Driver (Through Hole)

$0.69

Qty:

SPDT Slide Switch 3 pin 30V

$1.49

Qty:

Result: Outputting a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) on More Than One Pin of the AVR Microcontroller and Multiple Ports

Only three servos were available, so the true output will not be shown.

Important aspects of outputting to more than one pin are as follows:

- Make sure the pins that will output the PWM are set for output data direction (i.e. DDRB = 0xFF for all PORT B pins output)

- Make sure that the pins will be set high in the interrupt service routine (ISR)

- Add another line within code block of the if (TCNT1>=800 && TCNT1<=2400) and make sure the pin reflect the correct output pin and the number after the TCNT1 >= value is correctly set for the position for that servo on that pin.

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>

int main(void)
{
   DDRA |= 0xFF;
   DDRB |= 0xFF;
   DDRD |= 0xFF;

   TCCR1A |= 1<<WGM11;
   TCCR1B |= 1<<WGM12 | 1<<WGM13 | 1<<CS10;
   TIMSK1 |= 1<<OCIE1A;

   sei();
 
   ICR1 = 19999;
 
  
   while(1)
   {
      if (TCNT1 > 700 && TCNT1 < 2500)
      {
         if (TCNT1 >= 2200 && bit_is_set(PORTA,PINA0)) PORTA &= ~(1<<PINA0);  
         if (TCNT1 >= 900 && bit_is_set(PORTA,PINA1)) PORTA &= ~(1<<PINA1);
         if (TCNT1 >= 1200 && bit_is_set(PORTA,PINA2)) PORTA &= ~(1<<PINA2);  
         if (TCNT1 >= 2000 && bit_is_set(PORTA,PINA3)) PORTA &= ~(1<<PINA3);
         if (TCNT1 >= 2200 && bit_is_set(PORTA,PINA4)) PORTA &= ~(1<<PINA4);  
         if (TCNT1 >= 900 && bit_is_set(PORTA,PINA5)) PORTA &= ~(1<<PINA5);
         if (TCNT1 >= 1200 && bit_is_set(PORTA,PINA6)) PORTA &= ~(1<<PINA6);  
         if (TCNT1 > 2000 && bit_is_set(PORTA,PINA7)) PORTA &= ~(1<<PINA7);   

         if (TCNT1 >= 2200 && bit_is_set(PORTB,PINB0)) PORTB &= ~(1<<PINB0);  
         if (TCNT1 >= 900 && bit_is_set(PORTB,PINB1)) PORTB &= ~(1<<PINB1);
         if (TCNT1 >= 1200 && bit_is_set(PORTB,PINB2)) PORTB &= ~(1<<PINB2);  
         if (TCNT1 >= 2000 && bit_is_set(PORTB,PINB3)) PORTB &= ~(1<<PINB3);
         if (TCNT1 >= 2200 && bit_is_set(PORTB,PINB4)) PORTB &= ~(1<<PINB4);  
         if (TCNT1 >= 900 && bit_is_set(PORTB,PINB5)) PORTB &= ~(1<<PINB5);
         if (TCNT1 >= 1200 && bit_is_set(PORTB,PINB6)) PORTB &= ~(1<<PINB6);  
         if (TCNT1 > 2000 && bit_is_set(PORTB,PINB7)) PORTB &= ~(1<<PINB7);
   
         if (TCNT1 >= 2200 && bit_is_set(PORTD,PIND0)) PORTD &= ~(1<<PIND0);  
         if (TCNT1 >= 900 && bit_is_set(PORTD,PIND1)) PORTD &= ~(1<<PIND1);
         if (TCNT1 >= 1200 && bit_is_set(PORTD,PIND2)) PORTD &= ~(1<<PIND2);  
         if (TCNT1 >= 2000 && bit_is_set(PORTD,PIND3)) PORTD &= ~(1<<PIND3);
         if (TCNT1 >= 2200 && bit_is_set(PORTD,PIND4)) PORTD &= ~(1<<PIND4);  
         if (TCNT1 >= 900 && bit_is_set(PORTD,PIND5)) PORTD &= ~(1<<PIND5);
         if (TCNT1 >= 1200 && bit_is_set(PORTD,PIND6)) PORTD &= ~(1<<PIND6);  
         if (TCNT1 > 2000 && bit_is_set(PORTD,PIND7)) PORTD &= ~(1<<PIND7);
      }
   }
}

ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect)
{
   PORTA = 0xFF;
   PORTB = 0xFF;
   PORTD = 0xFF;
}

Comments and Additional Information

Have some code to share? Or additional information? Respond here:

You need to be logged in to save a response on this page. The response must be constructive, helpful, supplimentary or to correct the existing video, code or narrative content.

Description:

Code (optional):

Learn the Fundamentals of Mechatronics!

Result: Outputting a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) on More Than One Pin of the AVR Microcontroller and Multiple Ports

Comments and Additional Information